Tinker V Des Moines free essay sample

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District Constitutional issue: â€Å"Is symbolic speech by public school students protected under the First Amendment? † Parties involved: John F. Tinker and Mary Beth Tinker, minors, by their father and next friend, Leonard Tinker and Christopher Eckhardt, minor, by his father and next friend, William Eckhardt v. The Des Moines Independent Community School District Legal background: The parents of the Tinker and Eckardt with the help of the ACLU filed suit in U.S. District Court. The Court upheld the decision of the Des Moines school board and a tie vote in the U. S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit forcing the Tinkers and Eckhardts to appeal to the Supreme Court directly. Summary: John F. Tinker, his younger sister Mary Beth Tinker and their friend Christopher Eckhardt all word black armbands to their schools in protest of the Vietnam War. the principals of the school issued a policy banning the wearing of the armbands and threatening suspension. We will write a custom essay sample on Tinker V Des Moines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All 3 students decided to go against the policy and continue wearing their armbands leading to their suspensions. Controversy/Political consequence: The case revealed that Students do not lose their constitutional rights when they walk into a school building or partake in the education system. Although there were limitations to those rights. Ruling: The Justices ruled 7-2 against the school district. Majority: The majority opinion which was delivered by Justice Abe Fortas stated that schools would have to shows constitutionally valid reasons to limit or regulate speech in the classroom. And that the school was allowed to forbid actions that would directly interfere with education. They held that students do not shed their rights when they enter the classroom. Dissent: Justices Hugo Black and John M. Harlan II both felt that â€Å"symbolic† free speech was not protected by the constitution and felt that the 1st amendment did not allow for speeches and demonstrations to be held anywhere at any time and that the Tinker’s were in fact being disruptive. Opinion: I agree with the majority on this one, we as students do not lose our rights when we enter the school and we should be allowed to demonstrate within the school as per our first amendment right. The school system does not have the authority to dictate our rights. Legacy: Several Supreme Court cases have used the â€Å"Tinker test† to decide whether or not the first amendment has been used disruptively, including Bethel School District v. Fraser, and Frederick v. Morse.

Charles Henry Turner, Pioneer Animal Behaviorist

Charles Henry Turner, Pioneer Animal Behaviorist Zoologist and educator Charles Henry Turner (February 3, 1867- February 14, 1923) is known for his work with insects and numerous animal behavioral experiments. Turner was the first to demonstrate that insects can hear and learn. He was also the first to demonstrate that honey bees have color vision and distinguish patterns. Fast Facts: Charles Henry Turner Born: February 3, 1867 in Cincinnati, OhioDied: February 14, 1923 in Chicago, IllinoisParents: Thomas and Addie Campbell TurnerSpouses: Leontine Troy (m. 1887-1895) and Lillian Porter (m. 1907-1923)Children: Henry Owen, Darwin Romanes, and Louisa Mae (with Troy)Education: Turner was the first African American to receive a graduate degree from the University of Cincinnati (M.S. in biology), and to earn a Ph.D. in zoology from the University of ChicagoPublished Works: The Homing of Ants: An Experimental Study of Ant Behavior (1907), Experiments on Color Vision of the Honey Bee (1910)Key Accomplishments: First to discover that bees see in color and recognize patterns. Early Years Charles Henry Turner was born in  1867 to Thomas Turner and Addie Campbell Turner in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father worked as a custodian in a church and his mother was a nurse. The couple were avid readers, who owned hundreds of books and encouraged their son to learn and discover more about the world around him. As a young boy, Turner was fascinated by insects and was curious about their behaviors. After graduating as class valedictorian from Gaines High School, he enrolled in the University of Cincinnati in 1886. Turner married Leontine Troy in 1887. The couple had three children during the marriage: Henry, Darwin, and Louisa Mae. While at the University of Cincinnati, Turner majored in biology and went on to earn his B.S. (1891) and M.S. (1892) degrees. In doing so, he became the first African American to earn a graduate degree from the University of Cincinnati. Career and Accomplishments An educator at heart, Turner gained employment at several schools and an assistantship at the University of Cincinnati. His ultimate desire was to head an African American institution of higher learning. After reportedly contacting Booker T. Washington of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute about potential teaching opportunities, Turner landed a position as a professor at Clark College in Atlanta, Georgia. He also served as chair of the Department of Science and Agriculture at the college from 1893 to 1905. During his time in Atlanta, his wife, Leontine, passed away (1895). Turner continued to pursue education and earned a Ph.D. in zoology from the University of Chicago in 1907. He became the universitys first African American recipient of such an advanced degree. That same year, he married Lillian Porter and taught biology and chemistry at Haines Normal and Industrial Institute in Atlanta. The couple later moved to St. Louis, Missouri, after Turner acquired a position at Sumner High School, where he continued to teach African American students from 1908 to 1922. Groundbreaking Research Charles Henry Turner is most noted for his groundbreaking research in animal behavior. He is reported to have published more than 70 papers in scientific journals, including the Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, American Naturalist, Journal of Animal Behaviour, and Science. Despite his impressive degrees and numerous published works, he was denied employment at major universities.   Turners research focused on the behaviors of various animals, including birds, ants, cockroaches, honeybees, wasps, and moths. One of his most notable research discoveries focused on the navigation of ants and was the subject of his doctoral dissertation, entitled The Homing of Ants: An Experimental Study of Ant Behavior, published in the Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. Turner designed controlled experiments and mazes for testing the navigational abilities of ants. His experiments demonstrated that ants find their way by learning about their environment. He also identified a specific type of behavior in some ant species that later became known as Turners circling, as was referred to by French scientist Victor Cornetz. This circling behavior was observed when the ants returned to their nest. His later experiments with honey bees contributed to the better understanding of invertebrate animal behavior. These studies established that bees see in color and recognize patterns. His two papers on these studies, Experiments on Color Vision of the Honey Bee and Experiments on Pattern-Vision of the Honey Bee, appeared in Biological Bulletin in 1910 and 1911 respectively. Unfortunately, Turners contributions to the study of honey bee behavior were not cited by his contemporaries, such as Austrian zoologist Karl von Frisch, who published works concerning honey bee communication several years later. Turner conducted many other experiments and published papers that elucidated insect phenomenon such as hearing in moths, insects that play dead, and learning in cockroaches. Additionally, he published studies on bird and crustacean brain anatomy and is credited with discovering a new species of invertebrate.   Death and Legacy Throughout his life, Charles Henry Turner was an advocate for civil rights and argued that racism could be conquered through education. He published papers on the subject in 1897 and 1902. Turner retired from Summer High School in 1922 due to failing health. He moved to Chicago, Illinois, where he lived with his son Darwin until his death on February 14, 1923. Charles Henry Turner made lasting contributions to the fields of zoology and animal behavior. His experimental designs, observational methods, and investigations of vertebrate and invertebrate learning elucidated new ways of studying animal life. Sources Abramson, Charles I. Charles Henry Turner: Contributions of a Forgotten African-American to Honey Bee Research. Charles Henry Turner, Oklahoma State University, psychology.okstate.edu/museum/turner/turnerbio.html.DNLee. Charles Henry Turner, Animal Behavior Scientist. Scientific American Blog Network, 13 Feb. 2012, blogs.scientificamerican.com/urban-scientist/charles-henry-turner-animal-behavior-scientist/.  Turner, C. H. The Homing of Ants: An Experimental Study of Ant Behavior. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, vol. 17, no. 5, 1907, pp. 367–434., doi:10.1002/cne.920170502.  Turner, Charles Henry. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/turner-charles-henry.  Vincze, Judit. Turner, Charles H. (1867–1923) JRank Articles, encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/4485/Turner-Charles-H-1867-1923.html.

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Reflection paper - Essay Example The checklists consisted of items that highlight the characteristic behaviors that can be observed with the student and is associated with the disorder such as inattentiveness and poor organization. A section for other learning problems and family history was also given in the checklist. Finally, a free-flow box was also made available and is intended for checklist users to express further comments and explanations about the student. The next part of the chapter delved on the two types of ADD, its causes, analogous illnesses, co-morbidity, and intervention team. According to Hannell (2006), an individual with ADD can exhibit as an Inattentive Type, Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, or a combination of both. Inattentive individuals typically daydream and fail to finish classroom tasks. Meanwhile, the hyperactive-impulsive types are those who are restless, talkative, and sometimes destructive. Hannell (2006) revealed that the cause of ADD is usually attributed to genetic factors and some food link. In the normal course of development, individuals may show the same symptoms for the disorder but are usually in more intense degrees. Giftedness, emotional and behavioral disturbances, and epilepsy may be quite similar to ADD but is not qualified as such. ADD also co-exists with learning disabilities, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Lastly, teachers, behavior management specialists, and pediatricians are involved in helping the student with ADD. Before taking on any appointment with a student with ADD, it is imperative that a counselor get his hands on as much in-depth information as he can about the intricacies of the disorder. In this way, he will know the best way to communicate with a child or adolescent with the condition during the counseling session. Considering that they have special needs, the typical counseling approaches may not work well with them. But with adequate

Short answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Short answers - Essay Example Large number of missionaries went abroad. Politics: Public had been constantly supporting several things which included Cuban Rebels and working against Spain. 2. Briefly discuss the major problems of American society that concerned the social justice progressives and explain how they tried to confront these issues. Also, what was the one thing that the Progressives lacked in their vision? Answer: The problems of the American Society which had concerned the progressives were the distribution of wealth and racism. When the American economy was transforming from agrarian society to urban society, the natives were at the top being rich while all the poor people were at the bottom including dark skinned people. The progressives had taken the responsibility to improve the society and remove all the vices which had been embodied in the society due to freedom of expression of the American economy. The progressives addressed the issues of prostitution, Alcohol, abortion and child labor, howe ver, they ignored basic issues which caused more trouble namely finance problems, foreign policy and racism. Progressives ignored the issues regarding the country and showed interest in societal problem due to which other parties became upper hand, due to which, the progressives failed. Progressives lacked vision. 3. Discuss the reasons the United States government announced a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of the war in Europe in 1914, as well as the difficulties the U.S. had in maintaining such a policy prior to its entry into the war in 1917. What do you think the outcome of the Great War would have been if the U.S. did not get involved? Answer: US remained impartial during WWI, primarily, due to the impartiality policy which had been adopted by the US against the Europeans. US had a strong European Market due to which it did not participate in the European War. US adopted the policy mainly because of the business markets it had established over there. The main objective wa s to keep the business going with Europe, since; it included a great deal of money. However, Germany and UK created troubles which had resulted in lost cargo and blockades of ships as well as several ships being damaged. Thus, when violence increased against the American Trade, America stepped into war and joined with the Allies. US would have remained neutral if there was no trade policy, nevertheless, the Germans started blocking and British men also blocked the German supplies in retaliation which affected US trade negatively. This is when the US decided to step in. 4. Why do you feel the New Deal was or was not successful in solving the problems of the Great Depression? Answer: The New Deal was not able to meet the objectives of freeing the country from unemployment and restoring the economic strength. The New Deal only had short term effects and was not sustainable. America got out of economic Trouble from WWII and the New Deal only helped in gaining momentum, however, the New Deal was a short term approach towards problem solving, moreover, there was no Long term planning involved in correcting the issues related to financial sector of the economy. New Deal helped in reviving the economy and production, as a result, consumption increased.

Assignment 1.. IDENTITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 1.. IDENTITY - Essay Example defined as an animal that can say ‘I’, that can be aware of himself as a separate entity.† In this case man has to make decisions in relation to his awareness of himself and his surrounding neighbours as different persons. Thus, Fromm (1966) posits that the need for relatedness, rootedness and transcendence forms a very strong identity background that is vital and is often imperative for every man to be able to identify himself in society. Different people often hail from different cultural backgrounds hence the notion of identity helps these people determine their way of behaviour in relation to others with a different identity. In simple terms, identity can be referred to as the collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which an individual or any other thing is definitely recognizable or known. The underlying principle is the sense of being a unique individual, distinct from others or of belonging to a certain group which obviously has different values from another group. There are several factors that are taken into consideration in the creation of identity. These include shared culture, shared values, shared symbols as well as class and gender structures in some instances. All these factors often give rise to what is termed collective identity. According to Popper (1963), collective identity would therefore, refer to a certain group of people who share the same cultural values and behaviour as well. Thus, in light of the above argument, Mukherjee’s case is not in any way totally divorced from the notion of identity. Basically, she identifies herself with the Hindu culture which defines the identity of the people in Calcutta, India in several ways. First and foremost, she grew up in a patriarchal society where man was always above woman. In this case, all decisions of substance were the sole responsibility of men. The neighborhood was also absolutely Hindu where identity was fixed and often derived from their own religion, language and caste.

Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in Health and Social Care

Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in Health and Social Care Sharon Heather Ferguson-Guy Promote equality and inclusion in health social care or children’s and young people’s setting Outcome 1 – Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion 1:1Â  Explain what is meant by: Diversity – the word diversity means a different and varied. In the United Kingdom you will find people are different and varied in lots of ways. For example, people who have originated from many different countries, people from different ethnic background, people of different genders with different sexual preferences, people with different values and beliefs, people with different interests and people from different economic backgrounds. We must try and create an environment so that everybody feels valued as a person. Equality – to have equal opportunities means having equal access to things that influence our quality of life and life prospects. To have a fairer society where all that wish too, can participate and have the opportunity to fulfil their wants and needs no matter what disabilities, gender, religion, sexual orientation, beliefs, race and cultural differerences. Inclusion – when individuals are included they often end up with a quality of life that is better than they would reasonably expect. Inclusion is when everyone gets a chance to participate and be part of the team. It is also to feel and be respected and to take part in activities no matter what disadvantages they may have. 1:2Â  Describe the potential effects of discrimination: The potential effects of discrimination are that individuals often end up with a quality of life for lower than they would reasonably expect. Historically discrimination has sometimes been a matter of life and death. In some countries and cultures some of the effects of discrimination, include individuals being generally treated as outsiders and second class citizens, or being subjected to physical attacks and verbal abuse or individuals could be denied education jobs or opportunities. Discrimination can be that of verbal abuse, humiliation, intimidation, and mistreatment. The effects of this can make the individual feel stressed, low self esteem, unwanted, angry, which leads to behaviour problems, feeling isolated, unable to cope, feeling depressed, guilty, anxiety, loss of confidence. The physical effects would in turn be that of changes of eating habits, weight loss, weight gain, poor appetite, headaches, and sleeplessness, lack of energy, communication problems, and deterioration of health. 1:3Â  Explain how inclusive practice promotes equality and supports diversity: Inclusive practice promotes equality and supports diversity so individuals often end up with a better quality of life. To promote equality and diversity and ensures that the user is treated as an individual so as not to be excluded so, to value any differences and embrace full potential of their own personal needs and wants. Every user have a personal care plan which has been put together and is all about them, no two care plans are the same so each have their own individual needs. So each user will be treated equally and by recognising their diversity when assessing their care plans. Outcome 2 – Work in an inclusive way 2:1Â  Explain how legislation and codes of practice relating to equality diversity and discrimination apply to your own work role The codes of practice that relate to my work role are as part of The Person Centred Care Approach. I must respect patients in terms of their religion or sexuality and treat all individuals equally. I am aware to uphold their human rights and make sure they are not being discriminated against. Below are the legislations that relate to my work role: The Equality Act 2010 is the law which bans unfair treatment and helps gain equal opportunities in the workplace. The act replaces anti-discrimination laws from before with a single act to make it simpler to rid of any inconsistencies. The act covers nine protected areas about treating people unfairly so it does not happen. They are: Disability Age Sex Sexual orientation Gender reassignment Religion or beliefs Race Pregnancy and maternity Marriage and civil partnership The Equality Act sets out to prevent unfair treatment in the workplace, the different ways in areas that people are treated unlawfully; it may be direct or indirect victimisation. Unfair treatment should be a thing of the past, but, it still goes on in today’s society. This law replaces: Disability Discrimination Act 1995 Employment Equality (Religion or Beliefs) Regulation 2003 Equal Pay Act 1976 The Race Relations Act 1976 The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Human rights Act 1998 – this has 16 basic rights that affect the aspects of human rights. There is also a Code of Practice which relates to my work role which is from the General Social Care Council (GSCC) Codes of Practice – it describes the standards and conduct for social care workers and employers. So I must: I am to be accountable for the quality of work that I do and to take responsibility for keeping up and improving my knowledge and skills. Encourage the independence of the patient while protecting them as far as possible from danger or harm. Protect the rights and promote the interest of patients and fellow colleagues. Respect the rights and choices of patients whilst making sure that their behaviour does not cause harm to themselves or other people. Maintain trust and confidence of patients and colleagues. Have the publics trust and confidence in social care services. The Care Standards Act 2000 – this regulates independent health and care sector, this is done by health authorities as well as the local authority which has been overtaken by the National Care Standards Commission (NCSC), this became responsible for registering and inspecting all care homes and private healthcare facilities in the UK. April 2004 this was replaced with Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection (CHAI). On 1st April 2009 they were both amalgamated to introduce the Care Quality Commission (CQC), it became responsible for inspecting the quality and monitor care homes in England. Outcome 3 – Promote diversity equality and inclusion Describe how to challenge discrimination in a way that promotes change I would report any discrimination to my manager and also try to point out to the individual in a tactful manner that their actions were not acceptable under current legislation. I would also encourage them to embrace diversity and treat everyone equally and promote a positive outcome.

Free Oedipal Complex Essays: Hamlet’s Oedipus Complex :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet’s Oedipus Complex In Shakespeare’s play of Hamlet, we are under the impression that Hamlet has an unconscious longing for his mother. The death of Ophelia assists in displaying Hamlet’s actions of being insane. Hamlet also subconsciously reveals the truth about his feelings, whether he realizes them or not. Hamlet communicates on two different levels throughout the play. Hamlet's intimacy with Ophelia shows that he could love other then his mother and father. By having Ophelia, rather than Polonius read the love letter to Claudius, Ophelia is reminded of Hamlet offering his love to her. This presents another sight of Hamlet in a state of well being. By generating the illusion of a serious, committed relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia, the failure of this relationship a crucial factor of Hamlet's madness. At Ophelia’s funeral Hamlet says, "I loved you ever. But it is no matter. Let Hercules himself do what he may, the cat will mew, and dog will have his day". The tragic death of Ophelia is clearly contributed to Hamlet's mental lapses. In one of Hamlet’s rages he says, "Here, thou incestuous, murd’rous, damnèd Dane, drink off this portion". When Hamlet says that to the King, he mentions incest, which has nothing to do with the King and the Queen. Hamlet might have subconsciously set off an indication of secret urges be tween him and his mother. When words seem like normal conversation, there can be feelings expressed without being conscious of it. Like when Hamlet sets out rules for the Gertrude’s sexuality in their long talk alone, which seems very unusual. "O, throw away the worser part of it, and live the purer with the other half. Good night – but go not to my uncle’s bed". Hamlet suggests that his mother should be in love with him instead of his uncle. Neither Hamlet nor Gertrude realize at this point what Hamlet really means. Also, when Hamlet talks to his mother later on, he suggests that her relationship with the King makes him jealous, "Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed, pinch wanton on you cheek, call you his mouse, and let him, for a pair of reechy kisses, or paddling your neck with his damned fingers†¦". Desire is in the unconscious when we lived out the Oedipal dream, it was destined to be in a warped form, and there's surely an echo of that.

Advertisement: Advertising and Media Literacy Education Essay

Children cannot escape them. They stare at them from every nook and corner. The highways, the roadways, streets all have hoardings, banners, posters screaming about the goodness of the product they are advertising. Newspapers have columns and columns, pages and pages devoted to advertisements. Greatest curse of modern times for children is advertisements. Advertisement reminds the children to buy new things and no wonder they are brainwashed and pester their parents to buy it for them. However, advertisement is a good way to tell about the products. They inform the children about new technology or trend. Similarly, advertising may also have a negative impact on today’s youth. Junk food ads encourage children to eat unhealthy food, which is often portrayed as fun. See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay Another advantage of advertising is it gives media literacy education. Children need to know that they are being bombarded by messages (both good and bad) every day. They need to be taught how to discern these messages from an early age and to decide how to react to the messages. They also teach them other good things. In addition, advertising is making children feel that without their product, you’re a loser. Kids are very sensitive to that. They become most emotionally vulnerable. Advertisement also educates children and is very informative. How would children cope without news and catching up with what goes around in the society? For instance, sometimes kids do not understand what the commercial is about and they are not yet fully developed. If they see something that is not appropriate then they will start telling other kids of their age which is not okay for them. Kids are exposed to things that can be misunderstood and take things negatively. What is more is that the advertisements targeting children’s aim to promote the products and services, which cater for children’s needs and have no damaging intention at all. Overall, I believe that advertising has both advantages and disadvantages. However I believe that in most cases the benefits outweigh the disadvantages. I do believe that ads should be more strictly monitored, especially during children’s viewing hours. Harsher penalties should apply to people who infringe any laws and more people should be hired to patrol exactly what is played on ads. Children see, children do.

Franny and Zooey essays

Franny and Zooey essays Franny and Zooey is a book is separated into two parts, both which ran as short stories in the New Yorker. Franny Glass, the protagonist of the first section, and Zooey Glass, the protagonist of the second are actually brother and sister. They come from a rather large family of seven children and are the two youngest kids. All of the Glass children were deemed gifted at a young age and all seven appeared regularly on a radio program called Its A Wise Child. Of course, all of them were expected to carry on with this greatness throughout the rest of their lives. Naturally, it was a source of terrible distress to Mrs. Bessie Glass when her very youngest, the baby, grew quite disinterested in college and suffered a breakdown of sorts. Franny was just twenty years old when her emotional breakdown occurred. Mr. and Mrs. Glass tried everything they could to accommodate their daughter when she returned to their New York City apartment, but Zooey was not so kind. A condensed version of thei r story is as follows. Franny is out on a lunch date with her boyfriend Lane when the first signs of the breakdown hit her. It could be said that Lane himself triggers her emotions, simply for the type of man he is. Franny tells Lane she is tired of all the stupidity around her in college along with all the overblown egos. She doesnt feel shes learning anything other than basic knowledge in her classes, nothing that will make her any wiser than she already is; for wisdom is what she yearns for, its what all the great minds she so admires have. At any rate, shes unsatisfied with her teachers, her fellow pupils, and generally anyone else she may happen to run into. On top of that, shes begun to develop a growing interest in the Jesus Prayer that shes read about. Its a prayer that, when repeated over and over, eventually engrains itself into yo ...

The Research of the Reading Behaviors of Children †Education Essay

The Research of the Reading Behaviors of Children – Education Essay Free Online Research Papers The Research of the Reading Behaviors of Children Education Essay This is our research on students’ reading progress. We’ll tell the difference between Nelson and Brad’s reading habits and the way they solve while encountering the problem. In the procedure of the research, we will acquire information from them.In this paper, we will describe our respondents about their personality, lifebackgrounds , reading habits ,etc . Secondly, we’ll describe how we use the strategies to the setting in which we did the research. Third, we’ll tell you we use what kind of the methods and procedures in doing the research. It’s kind of difficult but interesting .There are three parts of procedures, inclusive of two interviews and one reading program . It takes a long time and we establish good friendships with kids . In the end, we’ll discuss the analysis of respondents’ belief and comparison between the good learner and bad learner. Context of Study Our purpose of the three interviews is to get some information about the respondents. By observing this information, we can analysis their activities by what we learn in SLA course. The names of our respondents are Nelson and Brad. Both of them are the fourth grade students. Nelson is the better respondent. He has a twelve-year-old brother. Nelson tells us that he will consult his mom when he has difficulties in reading English. In the first interview on November 16th, he is too shy to answer the questions completely. In his free time, he often reads English fairy-tales and cartoons. We did the interview and reading in the Fu-shin elementary school. In the meanwhile, our classmates and their kids were there as well. In the first interview, we asked some questions like â€Å"Do you like English† or â€Å"Do you like your English teacher. And both of them said â€Å"Yes†. So we thought that they have interest in English learning. Basically, the method we use to hit the topic is chatting. In one hand, because these questions were kind of serious, it’s easier to get the data and information from them by this way. On the other hand we could also cease their nervous affection as well. In the first interview, perhaps we were not familiar with each other. They were shy and nervous. They couldn’t understand what we asked. In the beginning, they couldn’t reply us politely . We had to use some strategies or other questions to make them say the right answer. In the procedure, we took notes and recorded as well. Afterwards, they were getting to understand our questions and answered patiently. By the way, Brad is out-going, he always ran here and there. He often made the interview out of control .But he liked to help Nelson answers questions and then interrupts the interview. The second time we bring them some story books for them to read. The date is on November 30th. But finally they choose the book called â€Å"Bunny is on the beach.† It’s full of many pictures and few words. It has some special devices in this book as well. For example, when you read the page one, you will find out an animal ‘s tail appear from the page two .We can use these devices to provoke their imagination and curiosity in English and lead them to guess what the next word meaning was .Basically , the numbers of word they understand are definitely few . However, Nelson knew more than Brad. When Brad encountered some words he didn’t know, he can only read the first letter of the word. There was a time we read the whole sentence to him. He repeated after us though he was totally wrong. But Nelson will say he doesn’t know and he will not give a guess anymore. In the reading procedure, they’ll guess what the next thing is in Chinese. It’s because of the words they know are a few. We also read it in Chinese to make them interested .We taught vocabularies from pictures. This way will make them deeply impressed. Discussion Analysis of reading belief of our respondents: According to the information of the interview and the story books reading, we have known that their English abilities are apparently different. Nelson told us that he always asked his mother when he encountered something he didn’t know. Therefore, he rarely turned for his teacher’s help. In addition, he didn’t ask what was the meaning of some words he didn’t know when we read the story book. According to Rubin, high-risk takers have keen desire of association and dare show their shortages in front of people. (, p229) By observing this situation, we can figure out he isn’t a high-risk taker, because he is hardly giving a guess when he reads and in the procedure of the reading, perhaps his personality is very shy. While we were asking Nelson some questions about his reading habits, he told us he will look up the dictionary by himself when his mother didn’t stay with him. We asked why he wanted to check the dictionary, he told us he wanted to find the correct answer (daren’t ask the teacher, maybe). According to the whole language theory, learners will correct themselves, and the teachers needn’t to correct them. It can be applied to Nelson’s behavior. He wants to find the correct answer means he is correcting himself. Moreover, in the first interview, we asked them how do they feel about their English course. Nelson said it’s interesting, but Brad said he feels kind of bored and dizzy. And they both told us they wouldn’t ask the teacher initiatively. They only followed what the teacher taught and memorizes it. This can be explained to be the behaviorism. According to the behaviorist learning theory, L2 learner imitated models of correct language and receive positive reinforcement if they were correct and negative reinforcement if they were incorrect.(Second Language Acquisition, Rod Ellis) The two respondents only can follow and imitate what the teachers teach them. It’s applied to behaviorism. Before we asked Brad to read the story book â€Å"Bunny is on the Beach,† we asked him whether he can pronounce the sentence. And he told us he cannot and could only understand the first letter â€Å"B.† Then we asked if he could pronounce the word â€Å"bunny,† he told us he couldn’t as well. In the end, we decided to teach him how to pronounce the sentence, and request him repeat after us. After we heard his repeat, we figure out that his pronunciation was not correct, and badly wrong. And we think there is a clear Taiwanese sound in it. It’s kind of interesting. We can figure out that as soon as Brad heard our assent and being asked to repeat after us, his pronunciation is influenced by his L1 assent, the Taiwanese sound. Perhaps it’s an apparent example of the relationship between L1 and L2 language. The comparison between our respondents: During the period of the interview , we find out that Nelson (the good student) is kind of shy but still has the foundation of the English ability . For example , we let them read the book â€Å"Bunny on the beach† Nelson can spell and speak the whole vocabulary â€Å"Beach† completely . On the other hand , Brad can just spell the letter â€Å"B† . He can’t tell the difference between the vocabulary and letter. We think that it’s the reason why he is the bad achievement student. A good English-learning way depends on the whole-sentence memorizing. Nelson is a shy boy who is reserved but likes reading in quiet surroundings. Brad is over-active and doesn’t pay attention to reading. While we were doing the interview and recording, Brad always interrupted our conversation and couldn’t be attentive enough. Above all, Brad is born in a poor family. His father is a truck driver and sometimes takes a part-time job. His mom is a housekeeper but doesn’t take responsible well for educating and raising his children. Brad tells us that his mom likes eating betel-nuts and sometimes become drunken heavily, trying to hit him. When Brad runs into troubles of English-learning, he couldn’t consult his parents. Therefore, he tells us that he sometimes cheat on the examination b ecause he has no idea on how to answer questions. No one can give him a hand. We really trust firmly that parents play important role in children’s education . On the contrary, Nelson seems to have a better family. His mom is a Malaysian and take full responsibility of educating her children (His father is a cook in chief ) . Perhaps his mom is a good linguist . She can speak a variety of language , including Mandarin , English and her mother tongue – Malay . We think that it’s really helpful for Nelson ‘s education in the future . While Nelson was encountering problems , he would ask for his mom’s help . We think this kind gap of education will become more along with the ages. Authorities concerned should put emphasis on improving English-learning environment in Hualien. Implication After the interview, we find out more English-learning questions from these students and the experience definitely broadens our horizons. We can make use of the theory from the textbook to let students learn English more easily and boost their English ability fast. The second language should be started from the kids. Therefore, the teacher plays an important role in English – learning. As a teacher in the future, we can learn how to help students when they encounters English – learning problems. Compared with students in the metropolis of Taiwan, kids in Hualien seem to be lacking in confidence and curiosity. Unlike students in cities, they don’t like asking questions or reply your problems passionately. Most of them aren’t high-risk takers. What’s more, it’s evident that their English ability is worse than children in Kaohsiung , Taichung , or Taipei . Sad to say , the majority of them weren’t born in a rich family which can afford to invest enough money in children’s education . Their parents are cooks, drivers or even unemployed. Authorities concerned should put more emphasis on children’s education in Hualien or their ability will become worse than children in cities. People should take the problem seriously and cope with it ASAP. By the way, we are kind of amazed at the first sight of Fu-shin elementary school because we can see many sign in English here and there. Take the toilet for example, you can find out â€Å"Wash your hand clearly† or â€Å"Boy Girl†. Although the vocabulary isn’t hard, this way can provoke their curiosity and interest in English. With the effort of teachers and their parents, we think that we can foster good English –learning circumstances for these kids in Hulien. Finally, thanks for every cute student’s and kind teachers’ help or we can’t finish the interview and paper. I think these theories are definitely essential. Above all, only with the patience and passion, can we help these kids love and boost their English? And a series of habitual behavior which L1 constructs will interfere L2 acquisition. Research Papers on The Research of the Reading Behaviors of Children - Education EssayStandardized TestingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresResearch Process Part OneMind TravelArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Effects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

Multiple Intelligences and Online Learning Essay

Multiple Intelligences and Online Learning - Essay Example This paper tends to explain the theory of MI in brief and explores its applicability in the emerging industry of online learning. Concept of Multiple Intelligences   It was in 1983, the prominent professor and psychologist of Harvard University introduced his famous multiple intelligence theory, which thereby altered the educational perspectives of the entire world. Howard found that the traditional ways of testing for intelligence were not comprehensive enough or they simply biased to particular and rather small group of individuals. Evidently, the intelligence of learners is often measured based on their arithmetic skills and reading, writing excellence; and hence people with other areas of skills tend to lose attention and support (‘what are multiple Intelligences?’). Howard proposed ‘eight primary intelligences’ among which at least one or many can be found in every individual. He argued that a broader range of learning method is essential so as to det ermine the apt learning style for each individual regardless of his/her intellectual or physical weaknesses. The reason he found was that every individual may excel in one or more than one of the eight Intelligences, and therefore their skills are seldom inferior to that of others. At this juncture, a good educator is challenged to teach a child following the way it learns other than the way he (Tutor) preferred to teach. Howard’s intelligences include logical-mathematical, spatial, linguistic, bodily kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. According to Gardner, intelligence refers to the ability to find and solve problems and create products of value in one’s own culture† (cited in Kramer, 2002, p. 46). MI in Online Learning As mentioned in the introduction, applying MI concept while developing e-learning strategy would increase learner’s likeliness of experiencing positive result based on their MI potential. However, how to assimilate such an activity based program is the strategic challenge the educators have to meet in this regard. Varieties of technological applications have been invented to stimulate online learning interactions for the recent past. Evidently, designers have to be creative enough to apply the available tools appropriately. Although it is not possible to include specific activity for each learner, all learners would find some elements valuable if a variety of activities are well incorporated in the program. For instance, facilities like video conference, discussions, chats, interactive games, puzzles, use of music and spoken texts, graphs, visuals etc can be used to enhance the e-learning experience of the pupils regardless of their intellectual variance. To illustrate, in order for adding linguistic intelligence activities, tactics like online interviews, speaking tests, drafting e-mails, reading and writing articles, and writing literature reviews or book movie reviews can be cons idered. When it comes to online learning, selecting and evaluating MI software inventory is highly important. As McKenzie (2005) notes, by completing MI software inventory, one must be ‘able to determine the intelligence that each application supports’ and ‘identify those intelligences that need to be considered in future purchases’ (p. 63). The content, interface, design, and documentation features of the

Mnging people in retil Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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